Perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli isoladas do açude Santo Anastácio, Ceará, Brasil / Resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from the environment

Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a resistência antimicrobiana de 43 cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas do açude Santo Anastácio (Fortaleza, CE), durante os meses de janeiro a abril de 2007. As cepas foram submetidas a testes de suscetibilidade a oito antimicrobianos, tendo 67,4% delas apresentado sensibilidade a todos. Observou-se resistência à tetraciclina (25,6%), ao sulfazotrin (18,6%), ao ácido nalidixíco (9,3%) e a ciprofloxacina (4,7%). Nenhuma resistência foi observada aos betalactâmicos. Nove (21%) cepas apresentaram multirresistência, com um percentual de 78% para resistência cromossômica e 56% para resistência plasmidial. A presença de bactérias resistentes pode estar relacionada ao lançamento de antimicrobianos nas águas através de esgotos, sendo que o uso inadequado dessas águas pode comprometer a saúde da população.

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of 43 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the Santo Antonio weir (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil) from January to April 2007. Susceptibility tests performed with 8 antimicrobials indicated that 67.5% of the strains were susceptible to all of them. Resistance to tetracycline (25.6%), sulfazotrim (18.6%), nalidixic acid (9.3%), and ciprofloxacin (4.7%) was observed. The strains did not show resistance to betalactamics. Nine strains (21%) were multiresistant, the resistance being chromosome (78%) and plasmid (56%) mediated. The presence of resistant bacteria may be related to antimicrobials in the sewage discharged into the weir, and the inappropriate use of this body of water may pose human health risks.

Multiple drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a fish market and from fish handlers

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in fish stalls and in hands and nasal and oral cavities of fish handlers of the Mucuripe Fish Market, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. All S. aureus isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and 44 percent were multi-drug resistant.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a antibióticos nos boxes de venda de peixe e nas mãos e cavidades nasal e oral de manipuladores de pescado da Feira de Pescado do Mucuripe, Fortaleza, Ceará. Todas as cepas isoladas foram resistentes à ampicilina e 44 por cento apresentaram multiresistência.

Resistência a antibióticos e a metais pesados de Escherichia coli isoladas de agua do mar e galerias pluviais / Resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals from Escherichia coli isolated from sea water and pluvial galeries

OBJECTIVE: Test the resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals of E. coli strains isolated from storm sewer water and adjacent seawater samples from three beaches (Meio, Area Preta and Ponta Negra) in the city of Natal/RN/Brazil, and determine the association among those characteristics. METHODS: A total of 98 strains of E. coli, 50 from storm sewers and 48 from the seawater were analyzed resistance to several antimicrobials by disk diffusion and agar dilution and to heavy metals by dilution in plates with aqueous solutions of CuSO4 incorporated to Mueller Hinton agar in concentrations of 100, 150, 200 and 250 ig/mL and HgCl2 in concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 ig/mL. Standard strains were used as control. RESULTS: Among the twelve antimicrobials tested, 28 (28.5%) of E. coli strains showed resistance to different antimicrobials drugs to seven. The greatest resistance rate was to tetracycline (46.4%), ampicillin (39.3%) and cephalothin (32.1%), with the remainder (nitrophurantoine, nalidixic acid, sulfatomexazol-trimethoprin and chloramphenicol) at lower percentages. Among the heavy metals, all the strains (100%) were resistant to zinc and to copper in the largest concentration (250 ig/mL), and 18.4% were resistant to HgCl the 50 ig/mL. Ten (55.5%) of the E. coli strains resistant to Hg were associated to resistance to antibiotics. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of extra chromosomal genes in E. coli strains isolated from storm sewer water and adjacent seawater, which encoders of the resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals.

A cólera no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte--Brasil--perfil sorológico e de sensibilidade do Vibrio cholerae a diferentes antimicrobianos / Cholera in Rio Grande do Norte State--Brazil: sorology and sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae to different antimicrobials

PURPOSE: The emergence of multiple resistance to antimicrobials in Vibrio cholerae isolated in the state of Ceará, Brazil, alerted researchers in this area to the sensitivity to antimicrobials of strains isolated in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. METHODS: One hundred and four strains of V. cholerae of human origin, isolated by Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Dr. Almino Fernandes, were serologically typified and evaluated for in vitro sensitivity to eight antibiotics belonging to different groups (polymyxine, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, sulphazotrin, pefloxacine, erythromycine, ampicillin). The strains were collected from patients suspected of contracting choleric diarrhea in the year 1999, in Natal/RN/Brazil. RESULTS: From the sample total, 100 were identified as V. cholerae, serogroup O:1, biotype El Tor, with 99 (95.3%) belonging to serovar Ogawa and only 1 (0.9%) to serovar Inaba. The 4 remaining were characterized as non O:1 V. cholerae, with 3 (2.9%) biochemically identified as Heiberg type I and 1 (0.9%) as type II. All the V. cholerae serogroup O:1 strains were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulphazotrin, pefloxacine, erythromycine and resistant to polymyxine. In relation to nitrofurantoin, only 1 was sensitive. Only 1 was resistant to ampicillin. The non O:1 V. cholerae strains were resistant to polymyxine. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed sensitivity in 100% of the V. cholerae serogroup O:1 strains to tetracycline, an elective drug in the treatment of cholera, and an absence of multiple resistant strains in our environment. An interesting finding was the frequency of serovar Ogawa in 1999, considering the greater incidence of serovar Inaba in other years of cholera outbreaks in RN.